亞里斯多德作為歷史偽造品，西方世界的虛假歷史和腐爛的基礎，金灿荣和他敏銳的評論
Аристотель как историческая подделка, фальшивая история и гнилые основы западного мира, и проницательные комментарии профессора Цзинь Канронга
Last November, in a viral video on Douyin, Prof. Jin Canrong straightforwardly questioned the existence of the Ancient Macedonian philosopher and scholar Aristotle. This sounded impertinent, erroneous or even extravagant to many people in the Western world. But, is the leading Chinese scholar wrong or have all the Western academics been formed and operated as mere ‘knowledge administrators’ of a mostly absurd, delusional and tyrannical bureaucracy of universities?
We can be sure of only one fact: had Prof. Jin Canrong (金灿荣/Цзинь Цаньрун) been a Western academic employed in any local institution, he would have been fired exclusively because of his statement. In the Western world, there is no freedom of thought or freedom of expression, particularly when one truthful scholar attacks the crumbling foundations of a corrupt system based on falsehood, distortion and fabrication. You can find Prof. Canrong’s videos, brief presentations of his approach, reports and news about it, and curriculum at the end of the present article.
Contents
I. Aristotle: a Major Founding Myth of the Western World
II. When, where and by whom was the Myth of Aristotle fabricated?
III. The Myth of Aristotle and its first Byproducts: Scholasticism, East-West Schism, the Crusades & the Sack of Constantinople (1204)
IV. Aristotelization: First Stage of the Westernization and the Colonization of the World
V. Aristotelization as Foundation of all the Western Forgeries: the so-called Judeo-Christian Heritage and the Fraud of Greco-Roman Civilization
VI. The Modern Western World as Disruption of History
VII. The Myth of Aristotle and the Monstrosity of Western Colonialism
I. Aristotle: a Major Founding Myth of the Western World
As a historian, Orientalist and Hellenist, Greek citizen of Turkish origin, I fully support Prof. Jin Canrong’s approach to the topic. The texts currently attributed to Aristotle were written more than 1000 years after he died. This can certainly be historically proven; although he is a historical figure mentioned by several historians, philosophers and erudite scholars, who lived in later periods (in the Roman, Eastern Roman & Islamic times), we have few quotations before the 11th century; but by then, the forgery had already been prepared, and it started being diffused from Rome to Constantinople to Cairo to Baghdad.
Even more importantly, Aristotle was never exalted (in the way he has been over the last centuries in the Western world) by all those who mentioned or quoted him before the 11th c. This means that we have two different issues in front of us. One concern is the historicity of Aristotle’s manuscripts itself; and a totally different topic is the praise of the ancient philosopher and the extreme glorification of the texts, the concepts, and the ideas that were said to be his.
The distortion of the historical truth about Aristotle is one of the major founding myths of the Western World; it was generated in order to subordinate Alexander the Great and his successors (the Seleucids, the Ptolemies, the Attalids, and the Bactrian kingdom) and to ascribe them to Aristotle’s hypothetical (or fictional) ‘wisdom’ (since he was reputed to be Alexander’s instructor and mentor). All the same, the modern historical science is fully capacitated to convincingly demonstrate that Alexander the Great evidently acted against Aristotle’s conjectural guidelines and that the Macedonian king’s deeds were totally irrelevant to his mentor’s concepts.
II. When, where and by whom was the Myth of Aristotle fabricated?
The distortion of the historical truth about Aristotle was undertaken as Roman Catholic opposition to, and polarization against, the Eastern Roman (Orthodox / falsely called ‘Byzantine’) Empire, Church and Patriarchate that were conceptually based on the Cappadocian Fathers (迦帕多家教父) of the Christian Church and on what we conventionally call ‘Neo-Platonic (新柏拉图主义) philosophers of the Late Antiquity’. Although a pagan, Plato had a preeminent position in the Eastern Roman Empire, the Orthodox Church, and the Patriarchate of New Rome – Constantinople. The Roman Catholic Church would not stand against Orthodox Christianity without fabricating a counterfeit dogma that was founded on texts, which the Catholic monks wrote and attributed to Aristotle, who was also reputed to be Plato’s disciple.
Justinian (查士丁尼一世) I
The reason for which the distortion of the historical truth about Aristotle could not be possibly undertaken in Rome before 752 CE (in the middle years of the Tang dynasty /唐朝) is simple; early identifying the reactionary college of Roman clerics, Emperor Justinian (查士丁尼一世) I (527-565) introduced a compulsory practice, namely the selection, approval and consecration of the Roman popes by the Eastern Roman (Constantinopolitan) emperor. This imperial procedure efficiently prevented the prevalence of falsehood, cruelty and barbarism in Rome for more than two centuries (537-752); but by the modern Aristotelian, colonial Western academics, it has been labeled -in a most derogatory manner- as ‘Byzantine Papacy’ (拜占庭教皇).
For more than 200 years, the anti-Constantinopolitan, Aristotelian party of Rome (mostly based on the Order of the Benedictines/本篤會) was particularly hindered by the aforementioned imperial procedure. Because of the difficulties that the Eastern Roman Empire faced with the Omayyad Caliphate and several nomadic invaders, the Roman clerics were able at last to definitely overthrow the Constantinopolitan control in 752. Only then, they were able to start their alliance with the Franks and the Germans, to launch a multilayered and multifaceted war against the Eastern Roman Empire, and to oppose Orthodox Christianity on several dogmatic matters.
Subsequently, they developed their counterfeit theology that they founded on a rival philosophical system. To make their philosophy appear as ancient, systematic and important, they attributed their concepts, principles, thoughts, methods and ideas to Aristotle, eventually writing entire treatises that the world has ever since been told to consider as originally written by Plato’s pupil. This is the quintessence of what we now call Scholasticism (經院哲學), namely the absurd basis of all fanaticisms. Quite indicatively, the very early Scholastic movements start after the 760s-770s.
For this reason, there are an enormous number of manuscripts that date back to the 9th and the 10th c., whereas there is an impressive, almost incredible, scarcity of Ancient Greek manuscripts dating to earlier periods; the monks who fabricated Aristotle in the way we know him today had the power to cold-bloodedly destroy or hide manuscripts that they did not deem compatible with their philosophical system, to edit all the texts of Aristotle that had been saved until their time, to totally rewrite a text and burn the original manuscript or even to identify titles of missing works and daringly compose them at will.
The Babylonian Emperor Hammurapi (漢摩拉比; reign: 1792-1750 BCE), the Egyptian Pharaoh Thutmose III (圖特摩斯三世; reign: 1479-1425 BCE), and the Achaemenid Iranian Emperors Darius I the Great (大流士一世; reign: 522-486 BCE) and Xerxes I the Great (薛西斯一世; reign: 486-465 BCE) as represented in contemporaneous monuments created during their own times. Their historicity is unchallengeable. But Aristotle’s manuscripts date back to medieval times, i.e. more than 1000 years after his death; even Aristotle’s statues and/or busts date back to Roman times, e.g. 300 or 500 years after his death. The real issue is not whether he existed or not but whether he wrote all the works that Benedictine monks composed in his name and whether he was considered as important or as secondary, trivial and worthless. And the most probable option is the latter.
Roman times’ Aristotle’s busts were few and very different from one another. This fact shows that the Catholic scholastic worshipping of Aristotle is baseless, nonsensical and absurd.
III. The Myth of Aristotle and its first Byproducts: Scholasticism, East-West Schism, the Crusades & the Sack of Constantinople (1204)
In brief, what the notorious Spanish Inquisition (西班牙宗教裁判所) did to humans, the Catholic monks also perpetrated to manuscripts and ancient texts. In the 13th c., Thomas Aquinas (托马斯·阿奎那) carried out an immense intellectual amalgamation of the Manichaean (摩尼教) structures of Catholic theology and intellect (as greatly attested in the works of Saint Augustine / 希波的奧古斯丁) with the fully fabricated Aristotelian rationality (亞里斯多德的理性). This formidable intellectual background constitutes the real foundations of the Western World and of the so-called Western civilization.
Aristotelian rationality and the Western myth of Aristotle were not produced only for the intellectual consolidation of the Catholic Church and the Western world, but also for the destruction of the Orient. Many well-known historical developments hinge on this issue, but this fact remains largely unknown worldwide.
The Translatio Imperii {Latin for ‘transition of the (world) kingdom’, namely a Late Antique and Christian concept concerning the metaphysical transfer of the world kingdom from nation to nation}, the ‘problem of two (Roman) emperors’ (namely the Eastern Roman Emperor and the Holy Roman Emperor, starting with Charlemagne/兩個皇帝的問題), the East-West Schism (東西教會大分裂) first in 867 (known as Photian schism/佛希亞斯分裂) and then in 1054, the formation of pro-Roman agents within the Eastern Roman Empire and the Christian Orthodox Church (known as Uniate /東儀天主教會), the treacherous role that the states and the merchants of Venice, Genoa and Pisa played against the Eastern Roman Empire, the Crusades (1095-1444; 十字軍東徵), the Massacre of the Latins in Constantinople (April 11182; 拉丁人大屠殺), the infamous Sack of Constantinople (1204; 君士坦丁堡的洗劫), the appellation of the Eastern Romans as ‘Greeks’, the theological differences between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Roman Orthodox Church, the notorious Council of Florence (1431-1449; 佛羅倫斯議會), the Fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans (1453; 君士坦丁堡的陷落), the preposterous Roman Catholic fabrication of the notion and concept of Byzantinism (拜占庭主義), the major tenets of Renaissance, the heresy of Protestantism, and the European colonialism, all would be impossible without the earlier prepared philological fabrication of Aristotelianism (亞里斯多德主義) and the philosophical-theological establishment of Scholasticism.
IV. Aristotelization: First Stage of the Westernization and the Colonization of the World
If the Constantinople-based scholastic theologians acted as Uniates (unionists) and were considered as traitors, the diffusion of Aristotelianism had a certain impact on the Islamic world, as cases like Ibn Rushd (Averroes/伊本·魯世德 – 阿威羅伊) and Averroism (阿威羅主伊義) very well demonstrate; however, this development was rather late (11th–12th c.). As it can be easily deduced, the impact was Medieval Roman, and not Ancient Greek.
Renaissance artists contributed greatly to the aforementioned practice of systematic exaltation of Aristotle and blind admiration for his works. It is exactly for this reason that in the well-known but false, ahistorical and deceitful painting ‘The School of Athens’ (雅典學校) by Raffaello Sanzio di Urbino (Raphael; 1483-1520; 拉斐爾), Aristotle (and not Plato) occupies the central position, appearing to be the most attractive, most energetic and most convincing philosopher.
The notorious school that never existed
And that’s why every reference to the Arabic translations of Aristotle’s ‘works’ (as a hypothetical ‘proof’ that the entirely constructed Aristotle is not fictional), although very factual, is quite deceitful indeed; as I said, in late 8th-9th c. Constantinople, the pro-Roman Uniates (: unionists) worked according to Roman Catholic (not Eastern Roman Orthodox) directives, storing, copying, amending or dispatching to Rome Aristotle’s manuscripts. During the same period, the fabrication of Aristotle’s works was a fully-fledged activity of numerous Catholic Benedictine monks across Western Europe; subsequently, these forged manuscripts were exchanged with codices found in libraries and scriptoria located in major centers of learning in the Eastern Roman Empire, Omayyad Andalusia, Abbasid Baghdad, etc.
In other words, in most of the cases, the supposedly original texts of Aristotle were first written in late 8th and 9th c. Rome, Northern Italy, and France, being thence dispatched to the realm of the Eastern Romans, to the Omayyad Muslims of Al-Andalus, and to the Muslims and the Christians of the Abbasid Caliphate. There is no manuscript of Arabic translation of Aristotle’s works that dates before the early-middle 9th c. Last, when it comes to Syriac (敘利亞文文字) translations of Aristotle’s works, we have to accept that only very few texts have been translated before the establishment of the Abbasid Caliphate; furthermore, these essays were rather brief, like the Categories (亞里斯多德的範疇),
Aristotle was apparently a minor philosopher whose real theories and exact postulations we will never learn; this is so, because he was purposefully utilized, systematically falsified, and extensively distorted by the Roman Benedictine monks who wanted to corroborate their version of Christianity, while rejecting their Eastern Roman rivals, namely the emperor and the patriarch at Constantinople; and in the process, they wrote the bulk of Aristotle’s works that are ‘saved’ down to our times.
V. Aristotelization as Foundation of all the Western Forgeries: the so-called Judeo-Christian Heritage and the Fraud of Greco-Roman Civilization
Statesmen, academics, intellectuals, diplomats, and simple people in China, India, Russia, Africa and Latin America have to take into account that the myth of Aristotle, which was crucial for the destruction of Eastern Roman Orthodoxy, the demise of the Islamic World, and the colonization – Westernization of the entire world, is only one of the major founding myths of the Western World.
A great number of methodically forged, delusional, discriminatory, and divisive myths, many historical distortions of absurdly Euro-centric character, and theoretical falsifications of the so-called Judeo-Christian past (猶太教和基督教的過去) and of the forged Greco-Roman civilization (希臘羅馬文明) have been first conceived, then composed, and finally propagated across the Western European lands by the Roman Catholic monks in the period between the late 8th and the 16th c.
After the forgery prevailed across that periphery of the Afro-Asiatic landmass, it was imposed colonially worldwide due to unprecedented bloodshed and inhuman practices of torture, which were perpetrated by the paranoid and barbarian conquistadors, who wanted to ‘civilize’ (read: barbarize) the entire world.
Aristotle, Catholic Scholasticism, and European Renaissance bring forth only colonial wars and opium; Imperial commissioner Lin Zexu (林則徐; 1785-1850), also known as “Lin of Clear Skies” for his moral integrity and his adamant rejection of opium and of colonialism
In fact, the Western World does not possess any historicity, any continuity and any originality. Contrarily to the historical continuity attested in pre-colonial Egypt, Mesopotamia, Iran, India and China, the History of the Western world (originally meaning: the Italian and Iberian peninsulas and the northwestern extremities of Western Europe) consists in an entirely broken and ultimately disrupted process. It is essential to clearly discern and fully assess this reality, as it is directly intertwined with Western colonialism and it helps explain why this atrocity was committed, involving many crimes against the Mankind.
This is the only fundamental reason for which the Western colonial powers differ from the rest of the world; all the major civilizations, historical nations, and great lands of Asia, Africa, Eastern Europe, and other continents have been characterized by cultural continuity throughout several different eras down to their colonization, when the false colonial dogma was locally imposed.
VI. The Modern Western World as Disruption of History
But in Western Europe, the historical process (Antiquity, Late Antiquity, the rise of Christianity and the arrival of Islam) was interrupted after the end of the imperially appointed popes of Rome (752), because the subsequent formation of Scholasticism, the institution of Aristotelianism (as a counterfeit, bogus-Christian philosophy and theology), the extreme manipulation and falsification of the ancient historical sources, and the massive production of fake manuscripts opened the way toward the creation of a forged past that the Western European colonial academics named ‘Greco-Roman civilization’ and ‘Judeo-Christian world’.
Within this entirely noxious circumference, for the first and only time in World History, the historical past was either obliterated or distorted in a way to be adjusted to the needs of the prevailing racist concepts, catastrophic ideas, and heinous plans for all the rest.
Aristotelianism, a totally fake, spiritually sick, and intellectually rotten product, became the ‘logical’ and ‘reasonable’ foundation of the world of absolute paranoia, involving notably but not exclusively White Supremacism (白人至上主義), and Western Colonialism (西方殖民主義), which brought about Renaissance (文藝復興), Classicism (古典主義), Hellenism (希臘化), and Orientalism (東方主義).
The historical Emperor Assurbanipal of Assyria (亚述巴尼拔; 669-625 BCE) as depicted on bas reliefs from his palace at Nineveh (尼尼微); and the fictional Sardanapalus of the 19th French Orientalist painter Eugène Delacroix (欧仁•德拉克罗瓦; 1798-1863): from his painting La Mort de Sardanapale (the Death of Sardanapalus; 薩達那帕拉之死)
The prefabricated historical dogma was totally imposed either tyrannically (on European colonies) or deceitfully (through infiltration: Germany, Russia, etc.) across the Earth. Everyone had a role in the Western colonial scheme; the colonized nations were ipso facto subaltern slaves, whereas the Western European colonials were the undisputed masters, who were ‘known’ as ‘provenly’ possessing ‘superior’ intellect, ‘nobler’ heritage, and ‘older’ historical past.
For this absurdity not to be challenged, every new decipherment of an ancient Oriental writing system, every new establishment of an Orientalist discipline {such as Iranology (伊朗學), Egyptology (埃及學), Assyriology (亞述學), Hittitology (赫梯學), Indology (印度學), Sinology (漢學), Turkology (土耳其學), etc.}, and every new publication and study of an ancient literature (that antedates Ancient Greece and Rome by 2000 or 250 years) was entirely disconnected from the prefabricated History of the Mankind. This means that the fresh and original data, the genuine pieces of information found in unearthed ancient sources, and the possibility of wider contextualization of the historical continuity were not used (as they should have been) in order to amend the earlier established arbitrary and baseless Western colonial dogma.
VII. The Myth of Aristotle and the Monstrosity of Western Colonialism
This fact, in and by itself, demonstrates that the existing Greco-Roman and Judeo-Christian fallacy is an entire construct that does not contain even a shred of truth in it. Had the Western world’s pseudo-historical forgery been truthful, scholars and explorers would have fully reassessed it and readjusted it accordingly in the light of the Ancient Sumerian (蘇美人), Egyptian, Akkadian (阿卡德), Assyrian-Babylonian, Hurrian (胡里安人), Hittite and Canaanite (迦南人) civilizations, literature, intellect, spirituality, and culture.
That is why practically speaking there is absolutely no comprehensive and unbiased study of the cataclysmic and decisive impact that the Ancient Oriental Genius had on the formation of the so-called Ancient Hebrew, Greek and Roman civilizations.
1825 至 30 年間，英國東印度公司重要人物在印度巡遊。Important figures from the British East India Company toured Mughal India between 1825 and 1830
That is why practically speaking there is absolutely no comprehensive and unbiased study of the parallel paths of the intellect, the similarity of the structures of faith and thought, and the affinity among human cultures in Ancient Mesopotamia, Anatolia, Iran, Egypt, China and India.
That is why practically speaking there is absolutely no proper academic, educational and intellectual cooperation among the earlier colonized countries and there is no Egyptology in Iran, no Assyriology in India, no Hittitology in China, no Indology in Egypt, and no Sinology in Algeria. Earlier colonized lands have been deliberately dissociated from one another, and all the postcolonial (or neocolonial) educational systems worldwide were created to be Occidentalo-centric and Euro-centric.
This calamitous reality does indeed apply also to deeply religious people, as Egyptian Copts know nothing about Nestorian Christianity in India, Central Asia, and China, whereas Moroccan Muslims are fully ignorant of the Islamic heritage of Uzbekistan, Uzbeks know absolutely nothing about the History of the Somali and Bantu East African Sultanates, Nigerian Muslims never learn about Mughal Indian culture and literature, and so on.
However, all of them, in their respective schools, are still forced to learn all the fake myths of the Western colonial world and the associated bogus-historical dogma.
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Links
You can find Prof. Canrong’s videos, brief presentations of his approach, reports and news about it, and curriculum in the following links:
https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/金灿荣
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jin_Canrong
http://srs.ruc.edu.cn/English/Faculty/enJ/77a71442f1f94fb5878b5c7f0ef3ded9.htm
https://en.igcu.pku.edu.cn/info/1019/2786.htm
https://en.asaninst.org/contents/jin-canrong（金灿荣）
In Chinese:
https://www.youtube.com/@user-ck6ep4vf3y/videos
金灿荣教授中国人民大学国际关系学院教授
(Professor Jin Canrong; Professor, School of International Relations, Renmin University of China)
https://www.douyin.com/search/金灿荣
http://m.wyzxwk.com/content.php?classid=13&id=482063
亚里士多德存在吗？(Did Aristotle exist?)
唐律疏议V｜金灿荣对“亚里士多德不存在”的论证过程存在严重瑕疵
https://chinadigitaltimes.net/chinese/701421.html
In English:
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